Présentation des productions
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[hal-01722639] Comparing genetic diversity of Sitophilus zeamais (Motchulsky) populations sampled in several agro-ecological areas between Central African Republic and Senegal
Jan 21, 2022 | 11:20 amMaize is attacked by many post-harvest pests including Sitophilus spp and Prostephanus spp, which causes remarkable loss during storage. Approximately 30 to 40 % loss in the absence of treatment has been reported worldwide. This study compare genetically Central African and Senegalese populations of Sitophilus zeamais from various agroecological zones using 3 markers namely cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase and nuclear 28S gene. S. zeamais samples were analyzed on both of two other sites 34 for the 28S gene; 68 for cytochrome b and 36 for the cytochrome oxydase. Results analyzed by AMOVA have shown high genetic variation outside population of each country (6.17 % with Cyt b; 21.45 % with 49.83 % and COI in the case of 28S) and low within subpopulations (-10.06 % for Cyt b, 9.36 % for the COI and-15.23 % for 28S). Majority haplotype is shared between the two populations for 28S and cytochrome b[…]
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[hal-01723198] Effets des principales essences de la grande muraille verte sénégalaise sur les taux d'azote minéral du sol et la biomasse microbienne
Jan 21, 2022 | 11:20 amAn experiment was conducted over nine months in a field system in northern Senegal in order to determine the effects on soil nitrogen (N) cycling and the microbial biomass-C properties of five plant species proposed for the Senegalese Great Green Wall (GGW): Acacia senegal (L.) Willd., Acacia tortilis var. raddiana (Savi) Brenan, Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir., and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 0-10 cm, outside (control) and beneath tree canopies. Microbial biomass, inorganic N content and net mineralization of organic N were determined for the soil samples collected under trees, and compared to soils collected outside tree canopies. The results showed that concentrations of inorganic N and soil microbial biomass-C were generally higher under canopy cover and differed according to species. In May 2014 (end of the dry season), microbial biomass-C was higher under A. senegal[…]
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[hal-01350584] Variabilité de la capacité de sorption du glyphosate et diuron des fonds de fossés évaluée à l'aide de nouveaux indicateurs
Jan 21, 2022 | 11:20 amLes réseaux de fossés jouent un rôle clé dans la gestion des flux hydriques et sédimentaires au sein des bassins versants agricoles ce qui leur confère une importance particulière dans le devenir des pesticides (Dollinger et al., 2015). En effet, bien que constituant des voies de dispersion, par la collecte et l’acheminement des flux de ruissellement ou de drainage potentiellement chargés en pesticides, les fossés ont été décrits comme des zones tampons efficaces pouvant limiter la pollution des masses d’eau (Dollinger et al., 2015; Needelman et al., 2007). Le pouvoir tampon des fossés vis-à-vis des pollutions par les pesticides résulte essentiellement de processus de sorption sur les différents matériaux des fonds de fossés (e.g., Stehle et al., 2011). La capacité de sorption de pesticides est d onc étroitement liée à l a nature et à l’abondance des différents matériaux constituant les fonds de f ossés tels que le sol, la[…]
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[hal-01722634] Nutrient composition and nutritional potential of wild fruit Dialium guineense
Jan 21, 2022 | 11:20 am[...]
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[hal-03149548] Evaluation of the Aerial Biomass of Three Sahelian Species in the Ferlo (North Senegal): Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayn essp. Raddiana (Savi) Brenan, Acacia senegal (L.) Willd and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del
Jan 21, 2022 | 04:13 amIn a context of climate change characterized by rising temperatures, increased greenhouse gases and frequent droughts, the Sahel is presented as one of the most vulnerable areas to the adverse effects of climate change. The Sahel is presented as one of the most vulnerable areas to the adverse effects of climate change. The objective of this study is to assess the above-ground biomass and carbon stock of three Sahelian species: Acacia raddiana tortilis (Forsk.) hayne ssp. raddiana (savi) Brenan, Acacia senegal (L.) Willd and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.). The study was carried out in northern Senegal commonly known as Ferlo. Biomasses of the populations of the three target species were first assessed by harvesting the entire epigenetic part of the species and then modelled by correlation using dendrometric parameters measured on each individual of the sample. Two models, mono-specific and multi-species, were used. The results obtained showed that the diameter at[…]
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[hal-03375913] Toxicity and bacterial anti-motility activities of the hydroethanolic extract of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd (Fabaceae) leaves
Jan 21, 2022 | 04:13 amAbstract Background Acacia senegal is a plant traditionally used for its various properties, including the treatment of infectious diseases. Recently, our team has demonstrated the ability of the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves to increase the activity of phenicol antibiotics against multi-resistant bacteria. The aim of this work is to determine the toxicological effects of the extract and its capacity to inhibit the bacterial mobility of Gram-negative bacteria, in order to evaluate the level of safety use of this plant. Methods The cytotoxicity test was performed using the neutral red absorption method. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity were conducted on NMRI mice and Wistar rats. The behaviour and adverse effects were recorded during the 14 days of the acute study. For the subacute test, biochemical parameters, food and water consumption, and morphological parameters were determined. The anti-motility activities were evaluated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 and Escherichia coli AG100, using specific concentrations[…]
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[hal-03538064] HPTLC Phytochemical Screening and Hydrophilic Antioxidant Activities of <i>Apium graveolens</i> L., <i>Cleome gynandra</i> L., and <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> L. Used for Diabetes Management
Jan 21, 2022 | 04:13 am[...]
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[hal-03538081] A large mammal survey in Koyli Alpha Community Wildlife Reserve and its surroundings in the Great Green Wall extension area in Senegal
Jan 21, 2022 | 04:13 amWildlife in the Great Green Wall (GGW) area, northern Senegal, is threatened by the cumulative effects of anthropogenic activities, drought, and climatic changes. To support conservation planning in line with the GGW management objectives, we studied large mammal diversity in the Koyli Alpha Community Wildlife Reserve in the GGW extension area. We interviewed local communities, made reconnaissance & transect walks, placed camera traps, and carried out fixed point surveys to map the distribution of mammals & to estimate their relative abundance. The surveys were conducted between May 2017 and December 2019. We identified the presence of nine mammal species belonging to six families: one lagomorph, Cape Hare Lepus capensis; seven carnivores, Common Jackal Canis aureus, Pale/Sand Fox Vulpes pallida, Wild Cat Felis silvestris, Marsh Mongoose Atilax paludinosus, Honey Badger Mellivora capensis, Zorilla Ictonyx striatus, Common Genet Genetta genetta, and one primate, Patas Monkey Erythrocebus patas. Our results indicate that the[…]
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[hal-03424138] Observatoire Hommes-Milieux International (OHMi) Tessékéré
Jan 21, 2022 | 03:45 amSitué dans le Ferlo, région du nord du Sénégal, le territoire étudié par l’OHMi Tessékéré est caractéristique du Sahel africain. Cette vaste zone de transition bioclimatique, entre le domaine saharien au nord et les savanes soudaniennes au sud, est caractéristique des crises écologiques et humaines consécutives aux épisodes de sécheresse qui touchent l’Afrique depuis plusieurs décennies. La mise en oeuvre de l’initiative Grande Muraille verte, approuvée en janvier 2007 par l’Union africaine, représente une action combinée de lutte contre la sécheresse et de développement rural, sans précédent dans cette région. L’objet de l’OHMi est d’étudier, par l’approche intégrative des systèmes sociaux-écologiques sahéliens, les processus et les interactions à l’oeuvre. Il s’agit en particulier d’observer et d’évaluer l’adaptabilité et la résilience du système selon quatre axes : "Eau, Sol, Air", "Biodiversité (faune et flore)", "Systèmes sociaux" et "Santé".
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[hal-02568989] Ecologie de la santé dans le Ferlo
Jan 19, 2022 | 14:22 pm[...]
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[hal-03341181] Vision and first actions of the SO-DRIIHM open science project
Jan 18, 2022 | 03:30 amDans le cadre du mouvement international de la science ouverte, le projet ANR SO-DRIIHM traite de la structuration, du partage et de l’ouverture des données produites au sein d’un dispositif rassemblant treize observatoires (OHM) du CNRS-INEE : le Dispositif de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux soutenu par l’ANR (LabEx DRIIHM 2012-2025). Le projet ANR SO-DRIIHM (octobre 2020 - mars 2023) est l'un des 25 lauréats de l'appel Flash science ouverte de l'ANR. L'objectif de la présente communication orale est de montrer les orientations stratégiques et les premières réalisations à la communauté scientifique du LabEx DRIIHM dans le cadre de son symposium international des 6-8 septembre 2021. Il s'agit également d'une opportunité de promotion de la science ouverte auprès d'un large public, en accord avec l'un des deux objectifs du projet. Dans un premier temps, le contexte international et français en matière de science ouverte est décrit, présentant notamment les[…]
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[hal-03258873] The good life in rural and urban Senegal: A qualitative and quantitative study
Jan 14, 2022 | 03:37 amVery few studies have analyzed the influence of the environment, rural or urban, on the notion of good life and subjective well-being in sub-Saharan Africa and none, to our knowledge, has combined qualitative and quantitative methodologies for this purpose. The objectives of this interdisciplinary study were: a) to understand the emic representations of the good life in rural and urban Senegal and; b) to compare the levels and determinants of satisfaction with life between these two populations. This study was carried out in Dakar and in a very isolated rural area in the North East of Senegal: the sylvo-pastoral zone of Ferlo. A total of six focus groups were conducted for the qualitative phase, while the quantitative phase was conducted on representative samples of the populations living in Dakar (N = 1000) and Té ssé ké ré (N = 500). Our results indicate that, against all expectations, life satisfaction is[…]
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[halshs-01521755] A Great Green Wall social-ecological systems database
Jan 7, 2022 | 03:54 amFramework and discussion about database and modelisation
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[halshs-01521743] Perception de l'arbre en contexte Sahélien
Jan 7, 2022 | 03:54 amDans le cadre de l’OHMi – Téssékéré et de l’ANR « Future Sahel », une recherche est conduite sur les usages des arbres en tant que pourvoyeur de ressources et vecteurs de services écosystémiques pour les acteurs locaux. En fonction du degré d’enclavement des zones concernées par l’étude, mais aussi des espèces botaniques accessibles et des pratiques culturelles et culturales locales qui leur sont associées, l’arbre sera utilisé (ou non) dans son intégralité (et peut-être différemment) par les hommes ou leurs troupeaux. Cette dépendance critique met l’ensemble des services écosystémiques liés aux arbres en tension et mieux comprendre la place qu’occupe l’arbre dans l’espace perçu et l’espace vécu des populations sahéliennes devient un facteur clef la gestion des ressources naturelles et plus particulièrement pour les stratégies de reboisement lancé dans le cadre de la grande muraille verte au Sénégal. Cette meilleure compréhension constitue également un des éléments clés de l’accroissement de résilience[…]
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[hal-01617308] Questioning capitalistic power structures: a way to reconnect stakeholders with the land?
Jan 7, 2022 | 03:54 amFrom our different research fields, by comparing the relationships between local populations and their territory, we noted some similarities. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between local or indigenous stakeholders and their territory. We thus wondered on the possibilities to create a common framework to represent social dynamics of human groups regarding their management of natural resources. We focus on the evolution of collective behaviors in space and time and process of domination which tend to create a gap between human and their land. Capitalistic colonialism has considerably changed the territorial visions and practices of the people. Philosophical conception of the natural philosophy has shifted from the dependence on the land and resources to a domination of Nature (Gregory, 2001; Kaika 2005; Linton 2010). New centralized power structures appeared legitimizing and promoting the implementation of capitalistic lecture of the territory. In the South of France, the farmers have modified[…]
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[hal-01825626] Climate change and desertification in Africa : The Great Green Wall
Jan 7, 2022 | 03:54 am[...]
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[hal-02373055] SO-DRIIHM - Impulser la science ouverte au sein du LabEx DRIIHM : Co-design d'une e-infrastructure intégrant les principes FAIR
Jan 6, 2022 | 11:04 amDans le cadre du mouvement international de la science ouverte, ce projet traite de la structuration, du partage et de l’ouverture des données produites au sein d’un réseau de treize observatoires (OHMs) du CNRS-INEE : le Dispositif de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux soutenu par l’ANR (LabEx DRIIHM 2012-2025). Il implique près de 1000 scientifiques. De grandes quantités de données hétérogènes sont produites ou collectées dans les domaines des Sciences de la Nature et du Vivant, et des Sciences Humaines et Sociales. Plusieurs initiatives ont été menées au sein du LabEx pour augmenter la visibilité et le partage des données, mettre en relation des équipes scientifiques, favoriser la ré-utilisation de données et potentiellement faire émerger de nouvelles recherches. Un panel d’outils a ainsi été mis en place au fil des années : géo-catalogues de métadonnées, web SIG, photothèque, collections HAL, etc. Cependant, il existe des contrastes importants dans l’alimentation[…]
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[hal-02382056] Promote Open Science within the DRIIHM Interdisciplinary Research Facility on Human- Environment Interactions: Co-design of an e-infrastructure implementing the FAIR Principles
Jan 6, 2022 | 11:04 amAs part of the international Open Science movement, this project deals with the structuration, sharing and opening of research data in the context of a network of thirteen CNRS-INEE observatories (OHMs): the Interdisciplinary Research Facility on Human-Environment Interactions supported by the ANR (LabEx DRIIHM 2012-2025). This network involves nearly 1000 scientists. Large amounts of heterogeneous data are produced or collected, covering research in Natural and Life Sciences, and Human and Social Sciences. Several initiatives have been carried out within the LabEx DRIIHM to increase visibility and data sharing to connect scientific teams that are not always linked, promote the re-use of data and potentially lead to the emergence of new research topics. A range of tools has been developed over the years: metadata geo-catalogs, web GIS platforms, photo libraries, HAL collections, etc. However, there are significant contrasts in the contribution to these tools and their use between OHMs, and two[…]
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[hal-02322991] SO-DRIIHM: promoting Open Science within the LabEx DRIIHM and improving its Research Data Infrastructure
Jan 6, 2022 | 11:04 amThe "SO-DRIIHM" project has just obtained funding from the Flash Call "Open Science: research practices and open research data" proposed by the ANR in 2019. It is managed by a group of geomatics and IT engineers within the CNRS interdisciplinary network (LabEx DRIIHM) of 13 Human-environment observatories (OHMs). The objective of this project (May 2020 - April 2022) is to optimize the appropriation of the open science approach by the DRIIHM research community through: •the organisation of awareness campaigns showing the benefits of data sharing and openness; •the co-construction of a more ergonomic and interoperable e-infrastructure, integrating existing tools (metadata geocatalogues, web GIS, photo library, HAL collection, etc.) and accompanying researchers to find, share and (re)use data with the concrete and progressive implementation of the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). The originality of this project lies in the bottom-up co-construction of the e-infrastructure, involving researchers from the early stages[…]
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[hal-02157343] Craticula widouensis, a new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species of a Sahelian temporary pond (North Senegal).
Jan 4, 2022 | 06:10 am[...]
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